System Design

⏱ 3 min read An API gateway is the single entry point for all client requests in a microservices architecture. It handles cross-cutting concerns […] Read article

⏱ 4 min read Real-time communication between client and server requires pushing data from server to client without the client repeatedly polling. Three main Read article

⏱ 3 min read A Content Delivery Network (CDN) reduces latency and origin load by caching content at geographically distributed Points of Presence (PoPs) Read article

⏱ 5 min read A distributed job scheduler executes tasks at specified times or intervals across a cluster of workers. It must handle at-least-once Read article

⏱ 2 min read Deployment strategies control how new software versions are rolled out to production. Blue-green and canary deployments minimize risk by limiting Read article

⏱ 4 min read A feature flag system enables runtime toggling of application features without deploying code. It decouples deployment from release and enables Read article

⏱ 6 min read System design interviews test your ability to think at scale, communicate trade-offs, and structure ambiguity into actionable plans. A repeatable Read article

⏱ 4 min read Back-of-envelope calculations are a core skill in system design interviews. They let you quickly determine whether a single server suffices Read article

⏱ 6 min read SOLID is an acronym for five object-oriented design principles introduced by Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob). Originally articulated for class-level Read article

⏱ 7 min read Single-Threaded Event Loop Redis processes all client commands on a single main thread sequentially. This design eliminates the need for Read article

⏱ 8 min read Process Architecture PostgreSQL uses a multi-process architecture rather than threads. The postmaster is the root process: it listens for incoming Read article

⏱ 7 min read Elasticsearch as Distributed Lucene Elasticsearch is a distributed search and analytics engine built on top of Apache Lucene. Each shard Read article

⏱ 9 min read What Is a Virtual Memory System? Virtual memory is a foundational OS abstraction that gives each process the illusion of Read article

⏱ 9 min read Why CPU Cache Optimization Matters Modern CPUs execute instructions in nanoseconds, but DRAM access takes ~80ns — roughly 200 CPU Read article

⏱ 7 min read Overview of the Network Protocol Stack The network protocol stack is the layered software and hardware system responsible for transmitting Read article