9 min read What Is the Cache-Aside Pattern? Cache-aside (also called lazy loading) is the most common caching strategy in production systems. The […] Read article
9 min read What Is a Read-Write Proxy? A read-write proxy is a transparent middleware layer sitting between your application and a database Read article
10 min read The Problem: Multi-Service Data Assembly In a microservices architecture, a single client-facing response often requires data from several independent services. Read article
11 min read Columnar vs Row Storage: The Fundamental Tradeoff In a row-oriented storage engine (PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server), all column values for Read article
11 min read What Is a User Segmentation Engine? A user segmentation engine partitions a user base into named groups (segments) based on Read article
11 min read What Is Webhook Fan-Out? Webhook fan-out is the process of delivering a single event to multiple registered external endpoints (webhooks). Read article
10 min read What Is an Inverted Index? An inverted index maps each term (word or token) to the list of documents that Read article
11 min read Why B-Trees Cannot Index 2D Space A B-tree sorts data along a single dimension. Given a point (lat, lng), there Read article
10 min read What Is a Bitmap Index? A bitmap index represents the presence or absence of a column value for each row Read article
10 min read What Is a Write-Ahead Log and Why Does It Exist? A write-ahead log (WAL) is the foundation of durability in Read article
9 min read LSM Tree Structure and the Need for Compaction A Log-Structured Merge-tree (LSM-tree) accepts all writes into an in-memory buffer (MemTable). Read article
12 min read B-Tree Structure and Page Layout A B-tree index is a balanced tree where every node is a fixed-size disk page Read article
9 min read Raft is the consensus algorithm designed to be understandable. It powers etcd (Kubernetes backbone), CockroachDB, TiKV, and many other systems Read article
9 min read Snapshot isolation (SI) is the transaction isolation level used by PostgreSQL (as its default), Oracle, SQL Server, and many distributed Read article
9 min read MVCC (Multi-Version Concurrency Control) is the foundation of concurrent transaction processing in PostgreSQL, MySQL InnoDB, Oracle, and most modern distributed Read article
