9 min read Read Scaling Overview Read scaling addresses the most common bottleneck in production systems: reads vastly outnumber writes (often 10:1 to […] Read article
10 min read The Write Scaling Bottleneck In a standard primary-replica setup, all writes go through a single primary database. The primary's write Read article
9 min read What Is Active-Active Architecture? In an active-active architecture, multiple regions (or data centers) simultaneously accept writes and serve reads. Every Read article
9 min read What Is Active-Passive Architecture? In an active-passive architecture, a single primary node handles all incoming traffic — reads and writes. Read article
9 min read What Is Multi-Master Replication? In multi-master replication, all nodes are primaries — every node accepts both reads and writes simultaneously. Read article
9 min read What Is a Lock-Free Queue? A lock-free queue provides a progress guarantee: at least one thread makes progress even if Read article
9 min read CAS Semantics Compare-and-swap (CAS) is a single atomic operation: compare the current value at a memory location with an expected Read article
9 min read Single-Leader Model In leader-follower (primary-replica) replication, all writes are routed to a single designated leader. The leader applies writes to Read article
8 min read What Is Optimistic Locking? Optimistic locking is a concurrency control strategy based on the assumption that conflicts between concurrent transactions Read article
9 min read What Is Pessimistic Locking? Pessimistic locking is a concurrency control strategy that assumes conflicts are likely and acquires locks before Read article
10 min read What Is a Deadlock? A deadlock is a situation where two or more transactions are each waiting for a lock Read article
8 min read What Is Read Committed Isolation? Read committed is the weakest practical isolation level. It guarantees that a transaction only reads Read article
8 min read What Is Repeatable Read Isolation? Repeatable read is an isolation level that guarantees a transaction always sees the same data Read article
9 min read What Is Serializable Isolation? Serializable isolation is the strongest standard isolation level. It guarantees that the result of executing a Read article
8 min read What Is Session Consistency? Session consistency is a client-centric consistency model that provides guarantees within the scope of a single Read article
