System Design

⏱ 6 min read Designing a transactional email service (like SendGrid or AWS SES) or an email client (like Gmail) involves deep distributed systems […] Read article

⏱ 6 min read Designing an autocomplete (typeahead) service is one of the most common system design interview questions, frequently asked at Google, Meta, Read article

⏱ 6 min read As machine learning moves from research to production, companies need platforms that manage the full ML lifecycle: data ingestion, feature Read article

⏱ 7 min read Designing a ticketing system like Ticketmaster or a seat reservation system for movies/concerts tests your understanding of concurrency, distributed locking, Read article

⏱ 6 min read API gateways and service meshes are the networking backbone of modern microservices architectures. They handle cross-cutting concerns — authentication, rate Read article

⏱ 6 min read DNS and global load balancing are foundational to any internet-scale system. Understanding how DNS resolution works, how GeoDNS routes traffic, Read article

⏱ 5 min read Kubernetes is the de facto standard for container orchestration. Understanding its architecture, scheduling model, and operational patterns is increasingly expected Read article

⏱ 5 min read Maintaining data consistency across multiple microservices is one of the hardest distributed systems problems. Two-phase commit (2PC) ensures ACID guarantees Read article

⏱ 5 min read Designing a distributed file system (DFS) like HDFS, Google File System, or Amazon S3 is a classic system design interview Read article

⏱ 5 min read Recommendation systems power product discovery at Netflix, Spotify, Amazon, and LinkedIn. Designing one at scale involves a multi-stage architecture that Read article

⏱ 6 min read Dispatch System Requirements A ride-sharing dispatch system matches riders with nearby available drivers in real time. Core requirements: find available Read article

⏱ 12 min read WebRTC Architecture Overview WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open standard that enables peer-to-peer audio and video in browsers and Read article

⏱ 11 min read Exchange Architecture Overview A financial exchange matches buy and sell orders — a buyer willing to pay $100 for AAPL Read article

⏱ 13 min read Social Graph Requirements A social graph stores relationships between users (friendships, follows, connections) and enables graph queries: friends of friends, Read article

⏱ 12 min read Why Task Queues? Task queues decouple work production from work execution. Instead of processing a long-running task synchronously (blocking the Read article