System Design

⏱ 5 min read Why Indexes Matter A database index is a data structure that enables fast lookup of rows without scanning the entire […] Read article

⏱ 4 min read Why API Design Matters in Interviews API design questions appear in senior system design interviews: “Design the Twitter API,” “Design Read article

⏱ 7 min read Why Multi-Region? Single-region deployments have two problems: (1) Latency — a user in Tokyo making a request to a US-East Read article

⏱ 6 min read What Is a Time Series Database? A time series database (TSDB) stores sequences of timestamped values — metrics, sensor readings, Read article

⏱ 6 min read Overview A notification service delivers time-sensitive messages to users via push notifications (mobile), SMS, email, and in-app alerts. WhatsApp sends Read article

⏱ 6 min read What Is Object Storage? Object storage stores unstructured data (images, videos, backups, logs) as discrete objects with a flat namespace Read article

⏱ 7 min read What Is Real-Time Analytics? Real-time analytics provides insights on data that is seconds to minutes old — not the hours Read article

⏱ 7 min read Overview Live location tracking ingests continuous GPS updates from millions of mobile devices and serves current location data to nearby Read article

⏱ 6 min read Core Components An e-commerce system handles product catalog, inventory tracking, shopping cart, order placement, payment processing, and fulfillment. Shopify processes Read article

⏱ 7 min read Why Message Queues? A message queue decouples producers (services that generate events) from consumers (services that process them), enabling async Read article

⏱ 7 min read Core Requirements A real-time chat system must: deliver messages in under 100ms end-to-end, support 1:1 and group chats, handle offline Read article

⏱ 7 min read Designing a file storage and sync service like Dropbox combines chunked file storage, delta sync, conflict resolution, and offline-first architecture. Read article

⏱ 7 min read Designing a hotel or home-sharing booking system like Airbnb is a comprehensive system design problem that combines availability calendars, concurrent Read article

⏱ 5 min read Designing a social media feed like Twitter is one of the most comprehensive system design problems. The core challenge: how Read article

⏱ 7 min read Designing a video streaming platform like Netflix or YouTube is one of the most comprehensive system design challenges, combining video Read article