⏱ 5 min read Data Lineage Service: Overview and Requirements A data lineage service tracks the origin, transformation, and movement of data across a […] Read article

⏱ 5 min read A service dependency map provides a real-time, queryable graph of which services call which other services, derived automatically from distributed Read article

⏱ 5 min read A span collector is the ingestion backbone of a distributed tracing system. It receives high-throughput span streams from many services, Read article

⏱ 5 min read A distributed tracing service provides end-to-end visibility into request flows across microservices by collecting spans, propagating trace context, applying intelligent Read article

⏱ 5 min read A shadow traffic system mirrors live production requests to a new service version asynchronously, compares responses without affecting users, and Read article

⏱ 4 min read Blue-green deployment eliminates downtime by maintaining two identical production environments and cutting over traffic instantaneously. This design covers environment management, Read article

⏱ 4 min read The bulkhead pattern partitions resources so that a slow or failing dependency cannot consume all threads and starve the rest Read article

⏱ 4 min read A retry service centralizes retry policy enforcement so individual microservices do not each implement their own backoff logic incorrectly. This Read article

⏱ 6 min read Promotions Engine Low-Level Design A promotions engine governs discount codes, automatic promotions, stackability rules, customer eligibility, budget caps, and redemption Read article

⏱ 6 min read Price Engine Low-Level Design A price engine computes the effective selling price for a product at request time by evaluating Read article

⏱ 5 min read Dispute Service Low-Level Design The dispute service manages the chargeback lifecycle: intake of issuer-initiated chargebacks, collection of merchant evidence, automated Read article

⏱ 5 min read Refund Service Low-Level Design The refund service is responsible for calculating how much to return to a buyer, executing the Read article

⏱ 5 min read Returns Management System Low-Level Design A returns management system (RMS) handles the reverse logistics of e-commerce: accepting return requests, generating Read article

⏱ 5 min read Checkout Service Low-Level Design The checkout service orchestrates the final steps of a purchase: reserving inventory, creating an order record, Read article

⏱ 5 min read OCR Service System Design Overview An OCR (optical character recognition) service converts images of documents, receipts, screenshots, and scanned pages Read article