Email Verification Low-Level Design: Token Generation, Hash Storage, and Expiry Handling
Email verification confirms a user controls the email address they registered with, blocking fake accounts, disposable addresses, and typo’d emails […]
Email verification confirms a user controls the email address they registered with, blocking fake accounts, disposable addresses, and typo’d emails […]
A link preview service fetches URL metadata (title, description, image) to render rich embeds when users share links — familiar
An organization hierarchy system models nested teams, departments, and reporting relationships — essential in B2B SaaS, HR platforms, and enterprise
A loyalty points system rewards users for purchases and engagement, allowing them to redeem points for discounts or free items.
A subscription pause feature lets users temporarily halt their billing and access without cancelling. Common in SaaS and subscription boxes:
An audit trail is an append-only log of every action taken on sensitive resources — who changed what, when, and
A scheduled notification system delivers messages at a future time specified by the user or application logic — appointment reminders,
A file deduplication system eliminates redundant storage by detecting files with identical content and storing each unique payload exactly once.
A real-time location tracking system records device positions, supports geofencing, proximity queries, and stores movement history at scale. Core challenges:
A notification dispatch system routes outbound notifications — email, SMS, push, in-app — to the right channels based on user
Tenant onboarding provisions all the resources a new customer needs to use a multi-tenant SaaS product: creating their account, workspace,
A configuration management system stores, versions, and distributes application settings at runtime — feature flags, rate limits, connection strings, A/B
A payment webhook receiver processes incoming HTTP callbacks from payment processors (Stripe, PayPal, Adyen) notifying your system of payment events:
Real-time document collaboration lets multiple users edit the same document simultaneously, with each user’s changes appearing on others’ screens within
Event replay re-processes historical events through a consumer to rebuild state, backfill a new downstream system, fix a processing bug,