System Design

⏱ 3 min read Zero trust security replaces the traditional perimeter-based model (“trust everything inside the network”) with “never trust, always verify.” Every access […] Read article

⏱ 3 min read Database migrations change schemas, engines, or data models in production databases that serve live traffic. The challenge is making changes Read article

⏱ 4 min read Stream processing applies computations to unbounded data streams in real time. Windowing divides the infinite stream into finite chunks so Read article

⏱ 4 min read Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) formalizes reliability using three measurements: Service Level Indicators (SLIs), Service Level Objectives (SLOs), and Service Level Read article

⏱ 3 min read Shadow mode testing (dark launch or traffic mirroring) runs a new code path in parallel with the production path, comparing Read article

⏱ 4 min read Search relevance ranking determines the order in which results are presented for a given query. Poor ranking makes a search Read article

⏱ 5 min read A booking system manages time-bounded reservations for finite resources: hotel rooms, airline seats, restaurant tables, or appointment slots. The core Read article

⏱ 4 min read Secret management secures sensitive credentials (API keys, database passwords, TLS certificates, encryption keys) throughout their lifecycle: generation, storage, distribution, rotation, Read article

⏱ 4 min read A log aggregation system collects log data from distributed services, centralizes it for storage and search, and provides query and Read article

⏱ 4 min read A media processing pipeline ingests raw media (video, image, audio), transforms it into multiple output formats optimized for different devices Read article

⏱ 4 min read A multi-region architecture deploys services and data across multiple geographic regions to achieve low latency for global users, disaster recovery, Read article

⏱ 3 min read A Bloom filter is a probabilistic data structure that tests set membership with false positives but no false negatives. “Definitely Read article

⏱ 3 min read An API gateway is the single entry point for all client requests in a microservices architecture. It handles cross-cutting concerns Read article

⏱ 4 min read Real-time communication between client and server requires pushing data from server to client without the client repeatedly polling. Three main Read article

⏱ 3 min read A Content Delivery Network (CDN) reduces latency and origin load by caching content at geographically distributed Points of Presence (PoPs) Read article