5 min read A distributed tracing service provides end-to-end visibility into request flows across microservices by collecting spans, propagating trace context, applying intelligent […] Read article
5 min read A span collector is the ingestion backbone of a distributed tracing system. It receives high-throughput span streams from many services, Read article
5 min read A service dependency map provides a real-time, queryable graph of which services call which other services, derived automatically from distributed Read article
4 min read Blue-green deployment eliminates downtime by maintaining two identical production environments and cutting over traffic instantaneously. This design covers environment management, Read article
5 min read A shadow traffic system mirrors live production requests to a new service version asynchronously, compares responses without affecting users, and Read article
4 min read A retry service centralizes retry policy enforcement so individual microservices do not each implement their own backoff logic incorrectly. This Read article
4 min read The bulkhead pattern partitions resources so that a slow or failing dependency cannot consume all threads and starve the rest Read article
6 min read Price Engine Low-Level Design A price engine computes the effective selling price for a product at request time by evaluating Read article
6 min read Promotions Engine Low-Level Design A promotions engine governs discount codes, automatic promotions, stackability rules, customer eligibility, budget caps, and redemption Read article
5 min read Returns Management System Low-Level Design A returns management system (RMS) handles the reverse logistics of e-commerce: accepting return requests, generating Read article
5 min read Refund Service Low-Level Design The refund service is responsible for calculating how much to return to a buyer, executing the Read article
5 min read Dispute Service Low-Level Design The dispute service manages the chargeback lifecycle: intake of issuer-initiated chargebacks, collection of merchant evidence, automated Read article
5 min read Checkout Service Low-Level Design The checkout service orchestrates the final steps of a purchase: reserving inventory, creating an order record, Read article
5 min read Image Recognition Service System Design Overview An image recognition service accepts raw image input, runs it through one or more Read article
5 min read Content Classifier System Design Overview A content classifier assigns one or more category labels to user-generated content: text posts, images, Read article
