Gossip Protocol: Low-Level Design
6 min read The gossip protocol (epidemic protocol) is a peer-to-peer communication method where each node periodically shares information with a small number […] Read article
System Design
System Design
Real-Time Communication Patterns: Long Polling, SSE, WebSockets
6 min read Real-time server-to-client communication requires the server to push data without waiting for a client request. Three primary patterns exist: long Read article
System Design
Designing for Observability: Low-Level Design
6 min read Observability is the ability to understand the internal state of a system from its external outputs. A system is observable Read article
System Design
Raft Consensus Algorithm: Low-Level Design
6 min read Raft is a distributed consensus algorithm designed to be understandable — a deliberate contrast to Paxos, which is notoriously difficult Read article
System Design
Exactly-Once Delivery: Low-Level Design
5 min read Exactly-once delivery means that every message is processed precisely once — neither lost (at-least-once) nor delivered multiple times (at-most-once). True Read article
System Design
Backpressure and Flow Control: Low-Level Design
6 min read Backpressure is a mechanism that allows a downstream component to signal an upstream component to slow down — preventing fast Read article
System Design
API Versioning Strategies: Low-Level Design
5 min read API versioning allows a service to evolve its interface without breaking existing clients. The fundamental challenge: once an API is Read article
System Design
Saga Pattern: Distributed Transactions Low-Level Design
6 min read The Saga pattern is a way to manage data consistency across multiple services in a microservices architecture without using distributed Read article
Data Structures
Merkle Tree: Design and Applications
6 min read A Merkle tree is a hash tree where every leaf node contains the hash of a data block, and every Read article
Data Structures
Skip List: Design and Applications
6 min read A skip list is a probabilistic data structure that provides O(log n) average time for search, insertion, and deletion — Read article
System Design
Service Mesh: Low-Level Design
5 min read A service mesh is infrastructure that manages service-to-service communication in a microservices architecture. It handles cross-cutting concerns — traffic management, Read article
Data Structures
Bloom Filter: Design and Applications
6 min read A Bloom filter is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure that answers membership queries: “Is this element in the set?” It Read article
System Design
Distributed Tracing: Low-Level Design
6 min read Distributed tracing tracks a single request as it traverses multiple services, recording the timing and relationships of each operation. In Read article
System Design
Chaos Engineering: Low-Level Design
6 min read Chaos engineering is the discipline of intentionally injecting failures into production systems to discover weaknesses before they cause outages. The Read article
System Design
Data Archival Strategy: Low-Level Design
6 min read Data archival is the systematic movement of infrequently accessed data from primary storage to cheaper, slower storage while maintaining the Read article