7 min read Google Maps serves over 1 billion monthly active users with real-time navigation, traffic data, satellite imagery, and location search. Designing […] Read article
7 min read Grid and matrix problems are graph problems in disguise. Each cell is a node; adjacent cells (up, down, left, right) Read article
7 min read YouTube is the second largest search engine in the world, serving over 1 billion hours of video daily to 2+ Read article
7 min read DNS (Domain Name System) is the internet phone book — translating human-readable domain names into IP addresses. Every web request Read article
7 min read Beyond the classic Gang of Four patterns, several design patterns appear frequently in object-oriented design interviews and production code. This Read article
8 min read When a production system is slow or unresponsive, you need to quickly identify the bottleneck: is it CPU, memory, disk Read article
7 min read The sweep line technique processes events in sorted order along a dimension (typically time or position). It converts 2D problems Read article
6 min read Counting things at scale — page views, likes, inventory levels, active users — is surprisingly hard in distributed systems. A Read article
7 min read Topological sort orders vertices in a directed acyclic graph (DAG) such that for every edge (u, v), u appears before Read article
7 min read Memcached is a high-performance, distributed memory caching system used by Facebook, Twitter, and Wikipedia to reduce database load and accelerate Read article
7 min read Kubernetes networking is one of the most complex and frequently misunderstood aspects of container orchestration. Every pod gets an IP, Read article
7 min read Array and string problems are the bread and butter of coding interviews, appearing in over 40% of questions. The key Read article
7 min read A Content Delivery Network caches content at servers distributed across the globe, serving users from the nearest location. CDNs reduce Read article
7 min read PostgreSQL is the most popular open-source relational database, powering applications from startups to enterprises. Understanding its internals — how MVCC Read article
8 min read In a microservices architecture, maintaining data consistency across services is the hardest challenge. A single business operation (placing an order) Read article
